Server configuration and control

Introduction

The AllegroGraph server is the running program which manages the various AllegroGraph repositories (also occasionally referred to as triple-stores or databases). The server must be set up as described in Server Installation.

This document describes server configuration below and server control further below.

Argument notation

The directives that go in the configuration file generally require an argument. We generally show the type of argument expected. Here are some common argument types:

BOOLEAN: allowable values are yes and no (and also y, t, true, or 1 for yes and n, nil, false or 0 for no). Values are case-insensitive.
PATHNAME: a pathname, usually to a directory and usually an absolute pathname.
FILE-PATHNAME: a pathname (usually absolute) of a file.
INTEGER: an integer indicating the number permitted (such as for Backends) or a numeric label (such as for Port). Negative integers and 0 are not allowed unless the description says otherwise.
TIME: a non-negative integer, which can be labeled with a units indicator. An unlabeled integer is interpreted as a number of seconds. Units indicators are 's', 'h', and 'd', meaning seconds, hours, and days. So 100 and 100s both mean one hundred seconds, 25h is twenty-five hours and 3d is three days.
REGEXP: a regular expression. Regular expression syntax is described here. Regular expressions can be specified to make case-insensitive matches.
VALUE: a value specified in the directive description.

Some directives (usually those identifying things) can be specified multiple times meaning any of the specified values can be used. The directive description will say whether it can be specified more than once. A few directives can have multiple values on one line, usually comma separated.

Directive values must not be quoted. Spaces are not allowed in directive values.

Server configuration

The AllegroGraph server requires a configuration file in order to start up. Usually, this file is specified using the --config command-line argument. A minimal file could look like this:

SettingsDirectory /tmp/ag4/settings  
SuperUser test:xyzzy  
 
<RootCatalog>  
  Main /tmp/ag4/root  
</RootCatalog>

An AllegroGraph configuration file consists of a set of top-level directives, and one or more catalog definitions. The syntax is straight-forward: directives (both top-level and within a catalog definition) consist of an alphanumeric word, whitespace, and then the value of the directive. Indentation is ignored. A directive can span multiple lines by escaping newlines with a back-slash, in which case both the newline and the backslash will be treated as if they are not there. Catalog definitions are delimited by pseudo-XML markers like <RootCatalog>. Lines starting with a # are treated as comments. Each directive defining a parameter must be on its own single line (or multiple lines joined by backslashes as described above). Specifying more than one parameter on a single line will result in an error, or, possibly, in the first parameter being defined incorrectly and the remaining ones on the line not being defined at all.

The directories named in this file must either already exist and be writeable by the user running the server, or that user must be able to create them himself. You'll usually not want to use temporary paths as in the example, of course.

BaseDir directive

Any relative path in the config file is initially resolved with respect to the directory containing the config file. If you specify another directory using the BaseDir directive, all subsequent relative paths are resolved relative to that directory. BaseDir can be specified as often as you like and can itself be a relative pathname (which will be resolved with using the BaseDir value in use, or, if not previously specified, with respect to the directory containing the config file). If BaseDir is specified multiple times, relative pathnames in other directives are resolved with respect to the most recent BaseDir value.

BaseDir PATHNAME: A directory pathname which will be used to resolve relative pathnames in subsequent directives in the config file. Can be specified multiple times in the config file, with new values replacing older ones. See just above for more details.

Top-level directives

SettingsDirectory PATHNAME

Required setting. Specifies the directory in which the server stores persistent information such as user accounts.

AccessLogEnabled BOOLEAN

A boolean (yes/no) that can be used to enable logging of successful HTTP(S) requests to a dedicated log file.

AccessLogDir PATHNAME

Directory in which the HTTP access log files are written. Default is LogDir.

AccessLogFilePattern VALUE

A file name pattern with strftime style directives, to set up log rotation for the HTTP access log. The pattern may contain spaces. Default is access-%Y%m%d.log containing year, month and date.

AccessLogEntryFormat VALUE

A log format pattern using Apache style directives. See Apache documentation for a list of possible directives, most of which are supported. The pattern may contain spaces. In case of invalid or unsupported directives a warning will be logged to agraph.log. The logged value for unsupported directives (e.g. %l) is a dash: -. The default format is the NCSA extended/combined log format:

%h - %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i"

AllowHTTP BOOLEAN

A boolean (yes/no) that can be used to turn off HTTP access to the server. Default is yes.

AllowIP IP-ADDRESSES

The value of the option must be a string containing one or more comma-separated IP address blocks in CIDR notation. The symbol any can be used instead of 0.0.0.0/0 notation.

Patterns can be either accepting or denying (prefixed with !) and are matched in the specified order, so less restrictive patterns must be included later in the list than denials which they include (see the second example, where 127.13.0.0 will be denied even though the list ends with any). Examples:

# Accept only loopback connections:  
AllowIP 127.0.0.0/8, !any  
 
# Accept any IP addresses except 127.13.0.0/16 range,  
# unless it's 127.13.13.13:  
AllowIP 127.13.13.13, !127.13.0.0/16, any

If this option is non-empty, for every incoming connection, AllegroGraph extracts the IP address and attempts to match it against the given patterns in the specified order until the first successful match. If the matched pattern is accepting, the server handles the request, otherwise HTTP status code 403 is returned.

Auditing BOOLEAN

A boolean (yes/no) that can be used to turn on auditing. Default is no.

Backends INTEGER

Specifies the maximum number of processes spawned to handle HTTP requests (note that session processes do not count toward this limit). Default is 10.

EvalAllowed BOOLEAN

A switch to turn off Evaluate arbitrary code permissions globally. If it is yes (the default), then the Evaluate arbitrary code permission bits are in effect. If it is no, then arbitrary code evaluation is disabled for all users (including superuser) regardless of the value of a user's actual permissions.

HostName HOST

Determines the host on which the HTTP server listens. Can be left out to have the server listen on all interfaces. Set to localhost to listen only locally.

HTTPProxy VALUE

This parameter can be used to make HTTP requests made by the server (for example, when a SPARQL query loads data from an external URL) go through a proxy. The VALUE syntax is [USER:PASSWORD@]HOST[:PORT], where the square brackets indicate optional portions. PORT defaults to 80. A USER and PASSWORD are necessary when the proxy requires authentication.

HTTPNoProxy VALUE

When proxying is enabled with the HTTPProxy directive, this parameter can be used to list exceptions. HTTP requests made by the server to domains that match one of the suffixes specified with HTTPNoProxy are never proxied. HTTPNoProxy can be specified multiple times, for example:

HTTPNoProxy mydomain.com  
HTTPNoProxy otherdomain.com

With the above configuration, requests made by the server for mydomain.com, otherdomain.com, sub.mydomain.com or notmydomain.com will not be proxied.

IP addresses can be specified and they are subject to the same string suffix matching rule as domain names are. Crucially, that means that a request made for a particular domain name will not match a rule that specified an IP address even if the domain name resolves to the IP address. It is usually the best to use entire IP addresses:

HTTPNoProxy 192.168.0.1

Requests to localhost and 127.0.0.1 are never proxied.

HttpTrace FILE-PATHNAME: If the HttpTrace directive is supplied, it is the name of the log file to which HTTP traffic is to be dumped. Relative pathnames are with respect to the log directory specified by the LogDir directive. If this HttpTrace directive is specified and HttpTraceOptions (see just below) is not specified, tracing is done using the default HttpTraceOptions. See also the --http-trace-options command line argument.

HttpTraceOptions OPTIONS: If the HttpTrace directive is specified, tracing will be done with the information requested by this directive being written to the file specified by HttpTrace. The value of this directive should be a comma separated list of options. Options starting with the character + turn on the corresponding log category. Those starting with - turn them off (allowing you to enable a general category, like +all and disable specific items thus enabled, like -proxy). max-message-size=NUMBER causes truncation of entries after NUMBER characters. The default value of this directive is +xmit,max-message-size=1000. The available log categories are listed in the Debugging section
of the AllegroServe documentation. See also the --http-trace-options command line argument.
HTTPWorkers INTEGER: The number of initial HTTP workers to be started by the AllegroGraph server. The default is 50. The number should be larger than the number of backends (see Backends above) plus anticipated frontend sessions (used, for example, by Webview). Too few workers may cause long-running requests (like opening a repository) to delay other concurrent requests.
HTTPKeepAliveTimeout INTEGER: The number of seconds for the HTTP keep alive timeout. The default is 10.

LogDir PATHNAME: Specifies the directory where the server log files are written. The primary log file is agraph.log, the secondary file is agraph-fallback.log. The secondary is only used when writing to the primary fails. The secondary file is preallocated to a size of 1MiB, so some log messages can be written even if the filesystem is full. On server startup or if writing to the primary becomes possible again, the contents of the secondary log file are automatically appended to the primary and the secondary log file is reinitialized.
MemoryCheckWhen VALUE: A 'memory release specification'. It can be used multiple times. Each description must be in the form name:value where name can be query, transaction or time and value must be a number of items to run between checks (for query and transaction) or a delay in seconds (for time).
MemoryReleaseThreshold INTEGER: A size specifying the threshold at which a memory release will occur. The size can be specified in gigabytes (e.g. 3g), megabytes (e.g. 3000m), kilobytes (e.g. 3000000k) or bytes (e.g. 3000000000).

PidFile FILE-PATHNAME: A file to which the server writes out its process id.
Port INTEGER: If supplied, must be an integer. Used to set the port on which the daemon runs its HTTP server. When not given, this defaults to 10035.

QueryOption NAME=VALUE

A query option specification. It can be used multiple times. Each specification is equivalent to a query prefix option. The global configuration directive "QueryOption NAME=VALUE" is the same as the query prefix option "PREFIX franzOption_NAME: ". See here in the SPARQL Reference for a list of SPARQL query options. An example is

QueryOption logQuery=yes

ReplicationPorts INTEGER-RANGE: If given, must be an integer range (e.g. 13000-13020). Replicas (single master -- see Replication and Warm Standby or multi-master -- see Multi-master Replication) require additional ports that are different from the Allegrograph HTTP/HTTPS ports. When using single-master replicas, the replication primary requires a separate listening port for each replica. When using multi-master replication, instances listen for TCP connections from other instances on these additional ports. In both cases, the operating system will choose an available port as needed when the replicas are set up if no value is given for this option, and that will always work. However, if there is a firewall between the replication primary and (any of) the replicas (single-master) or between instances (multi-master), the firewall administrator may need to configure the firewall to allow incoming connections from the replicas to the primary or among the replicas. That configuration process can be aided by limiting the range of ports which can be used, and that is what this parameter does. If a range is specified, only those ports will be used by replicas. For single-master, any replica which might become a primary should have this parameter also specified in its configuration exactly as it is for the primary. For multi-master, all servers should have this parameter identically specified in their configurations. Note that if no port in the range is available when setting up a replica, setting up the replica will fail. Therefore, the size of the range of ports should be at least the maximum expected number of replicas.

RunAs USERNAME: Have the server, if started by root, run as the given user instead (defaults to agraph).

SlowQueryLogThreshold NUMBER

If a SPARQL query takes longer than NUMBER milliseconds, log information about the query to the log file (or to the file named by SlowQueryLogFile if specified). An example when SlowQueryLogThreshold is 1:

Slow query (1.261700 msec): select ?s { ?s ?p ?o . } limit 100000

The SPARQL query option slowQueryLogThreshold will set the threshold for a specific query. See Query Options in SPARQL Reference.

SlowQueryLogFile PATHNAME: Slow query log entries (see SlowQueryLogThreshold just above) will be written to PATHNAME rather than the regular log file if this option is specified. Relative pathnames are with respect to the log directory specified by the LogDir directive.

SMTPHost ID SMTP-CONFIGURATION

Defines a named SMTP configuration for use by AllegroGraph features that support email notification, such as auditing and the event scheduler. Multiple SMTPHost definitions are allowed.

ID is a name that is used with other configuration options to specify the SMTP host being defined. SMTP-CONFIGURATION associates with ID a server, a login name and other information. For example, the following defines the SMTPHost with ID gmail:

SMTPHost gmail \  
  server="smtp.gmail.com", ssl=true, starttls=false,\  
  from="[email protected]", login="[email protected]", \  
  password="somepassword"

The following options are supported by SMTPHost:

server (string): the hostname or IP address of the server (example: "smtp.gmail.com", or "127.0.0.1"). This is a required parameter.
port (integer): defaults 25 for non-SSL, 465 for SSL (example: port=993)
ssl (boolean): defaults to false (example: ssl=true)
starttls (boolean): defaults to false (example: starttls=true)
from (string): the email address to which the From: header of emails sent via this SMTPHost will be set. This is a required parameter.
login (string): the user on the remote server (example: login="[email protected]")
password (string): the password corresponding to login.
password-command (string): a string suitable to be executed as a shell command. The specified command should output a single line containing the password to stdout. This is intended to avoid storing plaintext passwords in the configuration file.

SPARQLBaseURL URL

If given, the HTTP server will use this value as the base-url when parsing SPARQL queries. When not given, the URL of the request is used instead.

SuperUser NAME:PASSWORD: If given, must be a string in name:password format. The server will ensure, on startup, that a superuser with this name and password exists. Note that this means anyone that can read your configuration file has full access to the server. It is recommended to use the server setup script to create a superuser instead, or if you do use this directive, remove it after the first run of the server has created the user.
TempDir PATHNAME: Specifies the directory in which AllegroGraph may create temporary files. Defaults to the system's designated temporary directory (typically /tmp).

TransactionSemantics VALUE: Either sesame-2.6 (the default) or sesame-2.7. It controls whether a new transaction is started automatically or an explicit begin is necessary. See Transaction handling semantics for more information.

Session directives

A session is a user-specific connection to the AllegroGraph server. Because it is controlled by a single user, it can be transactional (changes are not permanently added to the database until committed and rollbacks are supported) and it is suitable for loading user-specific scripts. Sessions can also access several stores in a federation.

Sessions can only be created by users who have permission to start sessions (see Managing Users in the WebView Guide for information on user permissions).

Those users can start sessions from AGWebView using the HTTP/REST interface, in Python), and in Java.

The following configuration directives affect sessions:

SessionHost VALUE: If given, must be the server's host name or IP address for use in the URLs returned upon session creation. Useful when deploying a load balancer (like Amazon's Elastic Load Balancer) for sending the SessionHost string in the returned session URL instead of echoing the load balancer's host name from the client request.
SessionPorts INTEGER-RANGE: If given, must be an integer range like 8000-8020. Defines the ports that will be used for sessions. Useful when these need to be opened in a firewall or similar. When not specified, random ports will be used.

The next two directives control how long a session can be idle before it is terminated by the system. When starting a session with AGWebView (described here), a timeout cannot be specified, so the value of DefaultSessionTimeout is the idle timeout for any AGWebView session. Idle timeouts can be specified for sessions started with the HTTP/REST interface, Python, or Java (in all cases setting the lifetime parameter/argument). The value specified must be less or equal to than the MaximumSessionTimeout. Neither DefaultSessionTimeout nor MaximumSessionTimeout can be determined programmatically so users should ask the database administrator for those values if needed.

DefaultSessionTimeout INTEGER: Sets the idle timeout (aka lifetime) to use for sessions which are created without specifying one. The default value is 300 seconds (5 minutes). This value is used by all sessions created in AGWebView (described here) because AGWebView does not permit specifying a different value.
MaximumSessionTimeout INTEGER: Sets the maximum idle timeout (aka lifetime) that may be specified when creating a session. Any attempt to create a session with a timeout larger than this value will fail. The default value is 21600 seconds (6 hours).

Top-level directives for SSL client certificate authentication

In addition to authenticating remote users via HTTP Basic authentication, users can also be authenticated using SSL certificates. See the comments about authenticating users in the introduction of the Security Implementation document.

The following directives are used to enable SSL client authentication. See the SSL/TLS Quick Start document for details on specifying an SSL/TLS connection to the AllegroGraph server.

SSLCertificate FILE-PATHNAME

This must be the path of a file containing a server certificate and private key, PEM-encoded. This parameter is required when SSLPort is set.

SSLPort INTEGER

An integer specifying a port number. If given, an SSL HTTP server will be run on this port.

SSLCAFile FILE-PATHNAME

This must point to a file containing one or more PEM-encoded certificates of trusted certificate authorities (CAs). A client certificate will be trusted if it has been signed by a CA within this file. This setting is required to enable certificate-based client authentication.

SSLCRLFile FILE-PATHNAME

If supplied, this must point to a file containing a PEM-encoded certificate recovation list (CRL). If a client certificate is received which has a serial number matching one in the CRL, the certificate (and therefore the entire SSL connection) will be rejected. This setting is optional.

SSLClientAuthUsernameField VALUE

The "Subject" field of a client certificate supplies the identity of the client. The subject is typically composed of several parts, for example:

Subject: C=US, ST=California, L=Oakland, O=Franz Inc., OU=Developers,  
     CN=Joe Smith, [email protected]

This setting specifies which part of the Subject field of the client certificate should be used to identify the user to AllegroGraph. The setting may be CN (the default) or emailAddress. The value of the specified part will be used to perform a lookup in the user database (e.g., Joe Smith or [email protected] depending on the SSLClientAuthUsernameField setting).

SSLClientAuthRequired BOOLEAN

This setting determines if client certificate validation is required or optional. If yes, all SSL requests must contain a valid client certificate. If no (the default), then SSL requests without a client certificate are allowed. In this case, AllegroGraph falls back to HTTP Basic authentication.

SSLProtocol VALUE

This setting can have the following values:

one of ssl23, sslv3+, tlsv1+ (see The keyword arguments section of https://franz.com/support/documentation/current/doc/operators/socket/make-ssl-server-stream.htm for more information on these values.
or one or more of sslv2, sslv3, tlsv1, tlsv1.1, tlsv1.2

The values are case-insenstive. When setting more than one, spaces or commas can be used as separators. The default is tlsv1+.

SSLCipherSuite STRING

A string as described in https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/apps/ciphers.html. This string specifies the list of ciphers that the AllegroGraph server is willing to use for incoming SSL connections.

The default value, taken from this guide: https://hynek.me/articles/hardening-your-web-servers-ssl-ciphers/, is

"ECDH+AESGCM:DH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:DH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:DH+AES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:!aNULL:!MD5:!DSS"

Top-level directives for account management

AuditEventsToEmail VALUE

A directive that instructs the system to send notification emails to a specified address when various audit events occur. This option can be specified multiple times to cause emails to be sent to multiple addresses.

The format for this directive is

AuditEventsToEmail to="email", [smtphost="smtp-host-name"], \  
  events="comma-separated events"

Where smtp-host-name is the name of the SMTPHost definition to be used and email is an email address. If only one SMTPHost is defined, this option can be left unspecified. Events can be any audit events (see Audit event types).

For example, here is a valid specification, assuming an SMTPHost named gmail has been defined:

AuditEventsToEmail to="[email protected]", smtphost="gmail", \  
  events="expirePassword,addUser,deleteUser"

If there is only one SMPHost defined, smtphost can be left unspecified:

AuditEventsToEmail to="[email protected]", \  
  events="expirePassword,addUser,deleteUser"

See Auditing email notifications for more information.

AccountExpiry

The time since the last authenticated activity of a user after which the account is permanently deleted. This option does not affect users with superuser permission. The default is that accounts do not expire.

AccountUnsuspendTimeout: The time after which suspended accounts are unsuspended automatically. See MaxFailedLogins.
LoginTimeout: A time (value like 10s, 5m, 1h). If set, AGWebView login sessions are timed out after this amount of idle time. The default is no timeout.

MaxFailedLogins: The number of failed logins in a row after which the account is suspended. Suspended accounts can be unsuspended explicitly by superuser or automatically if AccountUnsuspendTimeout is set.

PasswordChangeAllowed: A boolean (yes/no) that can be used to control whether users can change their own password. The default is yes. If no, then only superuser can change passwords.
PasswordExpiry: The time since the last password change after which the password will be expired. One cannot login with an expired password, it can only be used to change the password.
PasswordExpiryGrace: The time since password expiry after which the account is disabled. It's not possible to log in or change the password with a disabled account. Only the administrator can reenable accounts. This option does not affect users with superuser permission.
PasswordMinLength: The minimum number of characters all new passwords must have. The default is 0.
PasswordMinUppercaseChars: The minimum number of uppercase characters all new passwords must have. The default is 0.
PasswordMinDigitChars: The minimum number of digit characters all new passwords must have. The default is 0.
PasswordMinSpecialChars: The minimum number of non-alphanumeric characters all new passwords must have. The default is 0.
SuperUserCanAccessAllData: A boolean (yes/no) that controls whether superuser bypasses normal permission checks for triples data. If it is on (the default), then superuser will have read/write access to all repositories. If it is turned off, then superuser needs to be granted access to repositories. This is most useful when auditing is enabled and any change to user permissions is logged.

Top-level directives for the event scheduler

The event scheduler, described in the Event Scheduler document, allows users to schedule times when a script should be run. The scripts can be run once or repeated regularly. These two configuration options should be set for the scheduler to work. The first must be set in order that a script file to run can be found. The second must be set if one wants emails sent reporting that a script ran or failed to run. Emails sent when a script runs successfully also contain the output of the script.

SchedulerDir DIRECTORY: The directory in which scheduler scripts must be found. It is permitted to put subdirectories in this directory and put scripts in subdirectories. This value must be set in the configuration file if it is desired to schedule event scripts. There is no default value for this directive.
SchedulerSMTPConfig SMTP-ID: See the description of SMTPHost above. Its first argument is an ID which can be specified as the value of this directive. If it is, that SMTPHost will be used to send scheduler notification emails. This directive must be specified for such emails to be sent even if only one SMTPHost is specified. There is no default value of this directive.

Top-level directives for multi-master replication clusters

These top-level directives affect multi-master replication clusters, described in the Multi-master Replication document. The first, MaximumBackupAge, specifies how old backups of the controlling instance are allowed to be.

MaximumBackupAge: The value must be an integer (meaning a number of second) or an integer followed by s (for seconds), m (for minutes), h (for hours), or d (for days). The default is 3600 (i.e. one hour). When asked to grow a cluster an existing backup of the controlling instance is used unless it's older than this MaximumBackupAge in which case a new backup is made. See the section Controlling instance backups and MaximumBackupAge for more information on this directive.

The other settings affect how replication cluster instances are kept in sync. These latter directives specify the default values of these setting and the values may be overridden by commands which create a replication cluster and settings can also be changed once a replication cluster exists. The meaning and effect of a setting is described in the Instance Settings section of the Multi-master Replication document. Changing the settings after a cluster has been created is also described in that section. The directives are:

durability: See the description of the Durability setting for information on this directive.
distributedTransactionTimeout: See the description of the Distributed Transaction Timeout setting for information on this directive.
transactionLatencyCount: See the description of the Transaction Latency Count setting for information on this directive.
transactionLatencyTimeout: See the description of the Transaction Latency Timeout setting for information on this directive.

More on controlling memory usage

While processing a query, backend processes may allocate memory from the operating system. When a previously allocated memory area is no longer used, the processes normally do not return it to the operating system, in hopes of reusing it for subsequent queries. However, it may be advantageous to periodically return idle memory to the operating system. The MemoryCheckWhen and MemoryReleaseThreshold configuration parameters allow for this.

Note that while returning memory to the OS makes memory available to other processes, it also incurs the overhead of minor page faults on subsequent allocations in the same process.

Each shared backend and dedicated session tracks its own memory usage. When a check is made the resident set size (RSS) of the backend or session process is compared to MemoryReleaseThreshold. If the RSS is greater than MemoryReleaseThreshold then an effort is made to give back as much memory to the OS as possible.

Since this kind of check is fairly expensive, performing it too often can have a detrimental effect on overall performance. The MemoryCheckWhen directive specifies under what circumstances it should be done. Let's see a couple of examples.

Perform memory check after every 7 queries:

MemoryCheckWhen query:7

Perform memory check after every 2 transactions:

MemoryCheckWhen transaction:2

Perform memory check every 10 seconds:

MemoryCheckWhen time:10

Finally, a complete configuration that would check whether the memory was above the threshold every 10 seconds and after every 2 transactions:

MemoryReleaseThreshold 2g  
MemoryCheckWhen time:10  
MemoryCheckWhen transaction:2

Note that MemoryReleaseThreshold must be specified whenever MemoryCheckWhen is. If neither of two are specified, then no checks are ever performed.

CORS directives

CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing), if enabled, allows scripts run on a web page from one server to make HTTP requests to the (different) server where AllegroGraph is running. CORS is not enabled by default because if not configured properly, it can introduce security holes. The following directives enable CORS limited as the various options allow. A general tutorial on CORS is available at http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/cors/. See here in the REST/HTTP interface document for more information.

You may want to use CORS to communicate with the AllegroGraph server if you are writing a web application that will be accessing AllegroGraph but will not be served from the same domain that the server uses. This image shows a possible configuration:

A potential use of CORS and AllegroGraph

CORS support is enabled if the configuration file contains at least one of the following directives: CorsAllowAll, CorsAllowOrigin, CorsAllowRegex.

The following configuration file directives are used to configure CORS:

CorsAllowAll BOOLEAN: If set to 'yes' then requests from all origins will be accepted. When yes, values for CorsAllowOrigin and CorsAllowRegex are ignored. The default is no.
CorsAllowOrigin DOMAIN: Allow the specified origin (i.e. domain) to issue cross-site requests. Only one domain can be specified per entry but this directive can be specified multiple times. Domain names are case-insensitive.
CorsAllowRegex REGEX: Allow all origins that match the given regular expresion to issue cross-site requests. Only one regular expression is allowed per entry but this directive can be specified multiple times. Regular expression syntax is described here. Regular expressions can specified to make case-insensitive matches.

The following directives affect how CORS requests are handled when they are allowed.

CorsUrlRegex REGEX: Only enable CORS for target URLs that match the given regular expression. If this option is not specified, all URLs are allowed. If it is specified then the associated regular expression is compared to URLs being requested and allowed only if they match. This directive can be specified multiple times and if it is, CORS will be enabled for URLs that match at least one of the supplied regexes. Regular expression syntax is described here. Regular expressions can specified to make case-insensitive matches.
CorsAllowMethods METHOD-LIST: A space or comma separated list of allowed methods for cross-origin requests. List values are case-insensitive. The default is: DELETE GET OPTIONS PATCH POST PUT
CorsAllowMethod METHOD: A single HTTP method to be added to CorsAllowMethods (defined above). The CorsAllowMethod directive can be specified multiple times.
CorsAllowHeaders HEADERS-LIST: A space or comma separated list of headers allowed in cross-site requests. Headers are case-insensitive. The default list is:
Accept Accept-encoding Authorization Content-type Dnt Origin User-agent
CorsAllowHeader HEADER: A single HTTP header to be added to CorsAllowHeaders (defined above). This directive can be specified multiple times.
CorsExposeHeaders HEADER-LIST: A space or comma separated list of custom response headers that should be readable by cross-site requests. The default is empty.
CorsExposeHeader HEADER: A single HTTP header to be added to CorsExposeHeaders (defined above). This directive can be specified multiple times.
CorsPreflightMaxAge INTEGER: Specifies how long (in seconds) a response to a preflight request should be cached by the browser. The default is 86400 (24 hours). If set to zero the corresponding HTTP header Access-Control-Max-Age will not be sent.
CorsAllowCredentials BOOLEAN: If set to 'yes' then cross-origin requests will be allowed to contain authentication info, such as cookies and auth headers. The default is 'no'.

Catalog definitions

Catalogs are locations on disk where AllegroGraph keeps its repositories. These locations are specified in the configuration file, along with some optional default settings for stores in the catalogs. Most of the time, you will want to specify all catalogs directly in the configuration file, but it is also possible to enable dynamic catalogs, which can be created and deleted through the HTTP interface (as described in HTTP Protocol - SPARQL Endpoint).

Catalog definitions in the server configuration files serve as templates for creating databases. The parameters defined in the catalog definition will be copied to the database when it is created. Changes to the catalog definition do not influence the settings of existing databases. In order to modify parameters of existing databases, the file 'parameters.dat' in the database 'Main' directory must be edited and the database be restarted.

There are three types of catalog definitions that can occur in an AllegroGraph configuration file: a root catalog, named catalogs, and a dynamic catalog specification. The first was seen in the example above (<RootCatalog> ... </RootCatalog>), and is used to determine where stores live that do not have a catalog specified. Named catalog specifications look similar:

<Catalog temporary>  
  Main /tmp/catalog  
</Catalog>

The first entry specifies the catalog name, temporary in the example. Catalog names can contain any characters except slashes, backslashes, colons, and tildes. The names root and system are reserved and may not be used. (root causes conflicts with the RootCatalog already described. system is reserved for certain system recording purposes.)

The catalog name can then be used to specify the catalog when creating or accessing repositories.

Finally, a dynamic catalog definition is used to provide the settings for catalogs created over HTTP. If no dynamic catalog is defined, this feature is disabled.

<DynamicCatalogs>  
  Main /tmp/dynamic  
</DynamicCatalogs>

The directory (as well as any other catalog directories, see below) given for dynamic catalogs will be extended with a catalog name when such a catalog is created. For example, given the above configuration, a dynamic catalog named scratch would end up in /tmp/dynamic/scratch.

Catalog directives

Some of the directives allowed within a catalog definition (those marked as inheritable) can also be specified at the top-level, where they act as a default value inherited by catalogs which don't explicitly specify that setting.

Main PATHNAME: Required for every catalog. Specifies the directory in which the repositories for the catalog are stored.

TransactionLogDir PATHNAME

Specifies the directory in which transaction log subdirectories will be created for repositories in this catalog. The directory will be extended with the name of a repository. For example, if TransactionLogDir is /tmp/tlogs, then transaction logs for repository example will be stored in /tmp/tlogs/example. This parameter is optional and defaults to the value supplied for the Main parameter.

See the line in the example below

 TransactionLogDir /mnt/disk3/ag4-transaction-logs

which says transaction logs should be placed in the /mnt/disk3/ag4-transaction-logs/[repository-name]/ directory.

The value of this directive can affect performance. See the discussion in the Performance Tuning document.

StringTableDir PATHNAME: Specifies the directory in which string table subdirectories will be created for repositories in this catalog. See TransactionLogDir for information on how directory names are constructed. This parameter is optional and defaults to the value supplied for the Main parameter. The value of this directive can affect performance. See the discussion in the Performance Tuning document.

StringTableSize INTEGER: the value must be an integer, optionally followed by a multiplier (k=2^10 or m=2^20). The value determines the minimum number of slots to use for the hash table used to map UPIs to their corresponding strings. The actual number of slots configured is the supplied value rounded up to the nearest power of two, with a minimum of 1M (1,048,576). The default number of slots is 16,777,216 (16M). The maximum possible number of slots is 536,870,912 (512M). Increasing the number of slots may result in better insert and lookup performance for repositories with a lot of unique strings. Each slot takes 4 bytes of memory. Checkpoints will take longer the more slots there are as the information stored in the slots is recorded in the transaction log during checkpoints. As said, the value of this directive can affect performance. See the discussion of directives that affect performance in this section of the Performance Tuning document.

StringTableCompression VALUE inheritable: If given, the value must be one of none (the default), lzo (same as lzo999), lzo1, lzo999 (same as lzo), or zlib. lzo999 compresses more than lzo1 but takes more time. The string table compression method can only be set when a repository is created. See the discussion of this directive here in the Performance Tuning document.

ExpectedStoreSize INTEGER inheritable: This is the number of triples one expects to have in the store. It is used by the server to select suitable values for things like internal table sizes. Most of the time, you should only worry about this when trying to squeeze out more performance. Setting it too high can lead to some wasted resources, setting it too low can result in sub-optimal performance and setting it much low (much less than the maximum effective value and less than one 25th of the real size) can cause enormous index management overhead and lead to extreme loss of performance on a continuously evolving store. The maximum effective value is one billion triples. Stores can be much bigger, of course, but values larger than one billion do not affect initial internals. As said, the value of this directive can affect performance. See the discussion of directives that affect performance in this section of the Performance Tuning document.

CheckpointInterval TIME inheritable: A time (with a value like 10s, 5m, 1h) that specifies how often checkpoints will be performed. The default value is 5m. The value of this directive can affect performance. See the discussion in the Performance Tuning document.
MaxRecoveryTime TIME inheritable: A time (with a value like 10s, 5m, 1h). AllegroGraph normally performs checkpoints at regular intervals, as configured by the CheckpointInterval directive. If MaxRecoveryTime is specified, AllegroGraph will maintain an estimate of how long recovery would take if a crash occurred at a given moment. When this estimated recovery time exceeds MaxRecoveryTime, a checkpoint will be performed.
TransactionLogSize INTEGER inheritable: A size (an integer, perhaps labeled with 'k' for kilobytes, 'm' for megabytes, or 'g' for gigabytes, for example 10m for ten megabytes) that determines how big individual transaction log files are allowed to grow. When a transaction log size meets or exceeds this size, a new transaction log file will be created. The maximum is just under 4g.
TlogSyncMethod VALUE: This parameter specifies the synchronized writing method for transaction logs. Three methods are supported: ODIRECT, SYNC, and fsync. The default (if this parameter is unspecified) is ODIRECT and that is the recommended choice on ext3 file systems. For catalogs residing on non-ext3 file systems, the other choices may yield performance benefits. (You will potentially see performance degradation in checkpointing. If that takes longer than expected and you are using a non-ext3 filesystem, try the other allowable values.)
DesiredTlogFiles INTEGER: This parameter specifies the number of transaction log files which should be preallocated at database creation time. The default value is 2. Specifying a larger value helps lower the probability of additional transaction log files being created during commits.; Note: The circumstances under which the number of tlog files may grow larger than DesiredTlogFiles are if there is a long-running backup, transaction log archiving is running slowly, or if replication is running slowly or stalled. When possible, AllegroGraph will reduce the number of transaction log files back down to DesiredTlogFiles.
InstanceTimeout TIME inheritable: The time (a value like 10s, 5m, 1h) a database instance will stay open without being accessed. The default is one hour. Starting a database instance can be time consuming. By keeping idle instances around this directive allows for trading off memory for lower worst case latency on database access. Note that this value is advisory; AllegroGraph checks for idle database instances intermittently so a given instance may linger longer than the instanceTimeout.

Style2Indices INDEX-NAME-LIST

The value must be a single index name (e.g. psogi) or several space or comma-separated index names, or none. This line, for example, specifies two indices to be of style 2:

Style2Indices spogi gspoi

Index styles are discussed here in AllegroGraph Indices. Style 2 indices are better for queries that result in a single triple while style 1 indices are better for more general queries. Any index specified on this line will be a style 2 index while all other indices will be a style 1 index. add-index and the REST interface do allow for specifying the style of the index being created regardless of the value of this directive. There are no style 2 indices by default. Unless specified in the directive or explicitly created as a style 2 index by add-index or the REST interface, all indices are style 1 indices.

TransactionLogArchive PATHNAME: This directive specifies a directory for storing archived transaction log files. See Transaction Log Archiving for more details.
TransactionLogRetain: This directive is no longer used and a warning will be signaled if it appears in a configuration file. See Transaction Log Archiving for more details and how to achieve what used to be done by this directive.
TransactionLogReplicationJobname: This directive is no longer used and a warning will be signaled if it appears in a configuration file. See Transaction Log Archiving for more details and how to achieve what used to be done by this directive.

Example Configuration

What follows is a more complete example to demonstrate the various configuration options in more detail.

# Don't allow normal HTTP access, only SSL  
Port 10035  
AllowHTTP no  
SSLPort 10036  
SSLCertificate /var/lib/ag4/server.cert  
 
SettingsDirectory /var/lib/ag4/settings  
 
Backends 5  
# You can actually remove this after the first server run, to  
# reduce the risk of someone finding it here.  
SuperUser test:xyzzy  
 
ExpectedStoreSize 100000  
SessionPorts 8080-8083  
 
<RootCatalog>  
  Main /var/lib/ag4/root  
</RootCatalog>  
 
<Catalog fast>  
  ExpectedStoreSize 2000000  
  CheckpointInterval 1h       
  Main /var/lib/ag4/fast  
  StringTableDir /mnt/disk2/ag4-string-tables  
  TransactionLogDir /mnt/disk3/ag4-transaction-logs  
</Catalog>  
 
<DynamicCatalogs>  
  Main /var/lib/ag4/dynamic  
</DynamicCatalogs>

Changing database parameters

In some circumstances, it is desirable to modify the settings of an existing database by editing the 'parameters.dat' file in the database main directory. The syntax of this file is similar to that of the server configuration file, but only the parameters that are normally present inside of a catalog definition are allowed.

For example, the 'parameters.dat' file for a database 'demo' created with the 'fast' catalog definition above would look like this:

CheckpointInterval 1h  
Main /var/lib/ag4/fast  
StringTableDir /mnt/disk2/ag4/fast

It might be edited to change the CheckpointInterval. It is also possible to add new file placement rules. When modifying any of the file placement related parameters of a database, care must be taken to make sure that all files that constitute the current database state are still visible to the database. For example, if the StringTableDir directory in the database above should be removed, all files in /mnt/disk2/ag4/fast/demo/ would need to be manually moved into the main directory of the database, /var/lib/ag4/fast/demo/.

Note that resetting some parameters in 'parameters.dat' has no effect. In particular, changing ExpectedStoreSize in parameters.dat does nothing. The only way to change that is to set the option in the configuration file and recreate the database.

When moving around database files, it is important to know that some of these files are sparse, i.e. they contain holes (unallocated blocks). Many file management utilities (like 'cp' and 'tar') can optionally preserve file sparseness, but care should be taken to make sure that copies of database files don't become unexpectedly large after a manual manipulation.

Server control

The method used to start and stop the AllegroGraph server depends on the type of install: an RPM install or installation from a tar.gz file (see Server Installation). The RPM install places files in specific locations. The configuration file agraph.cfg is placed in /etc/agraph/ and you can use /sbin/service to start and stop Allegrograph:

You can start AllegroGraph by running:  
/sbin/service agraph start  
 
You can stop AllegroGraph by running:  
/sbin/service agraph stop

In addition, chkconfig can be used to make AllegroGraph start when the system boots. For example:

chkconfig agraph on

You can also use agraph-control with an RPM install.

The tar.gz installation is more flexible, and you choose the AllegroGraph directory as part of the installation process (again, see Server Installation). The typical way to start and stop AllegroGraph installed from a tar.gz file is to use agraph-control.

agraph-control

agraph-control is a script that can be used to start and stop AllegroGraph. It also can process other commands, as described below. agraph-control is located in the bin/ subdirectory of the AllegroGraph directory. The calling template is

agraph-control [options] <command>

Control options

The one option to agraph-control is --config. Its value should be the path of the configuration file. The usual location of that file in a tar.gz install is the lib/ subdirectory of the AllegroGraph directory. The usual location in an RPM install is /etc/agraph/. The default name is agraph.cfg.

Thus, with a tar.gz install, you can start the AllegroGraph server with

[Agraph dir]/bin/agraph-control --config [Agraph dir]/lib/agraph.cfg start

If --config is not specified, the behavior is as follows:

For an RPM install when not running as root, there is no default and --config must have a value.
For an RPM install when running as root, the default is /etc/agraph/agraph.cfg.
For a tar.gz install, the default is agraph.cfg in lib/ subdirectory of the AllegroGraph directory.

If the file specified as the value of --config is not found, the AllegroGraph server is not started and a message like the following is printed:

Cannot locate configuration file (tried <supplied path>).

If --config is unspecified, and the agraph.cfg file is not found in the default location or you are not running as root with an RPM install, the AllegroGraph server is not started and the following message is printed:

Cannot determine location of configuration file.  Please use --config

Control commands

The commands to agraph-control are:

status: Writes to stdout, "up" if the server is running and "down" if not.
start: Start the AllegroGraph server. This has no effect if the server is already running.
stop: Stop the AllegroGraph server. This is the normal stop command and it attempts to perform a clean shutdown of all open databases.
force-stop: Stop the AllegroGraph server. This is the emergency stop command and open databases may not be cleanly closed.
restart: Requests that the server shut itself down, if running, and then start back up again.

AllegroGraph service daemon signal handling

The signals used by the AllegroGraph service daemon are:

SIGTERM: for normal stopping, used by the stop command.
SIGQUIT: for emergency stopping, used by the force-stop command.

Exit Status

For the status command, a 0 exit status is returned if the server is up, non-zero if the server is down.

For all other commands, the exit status is 0 if the command was executed succesfully, and non-zero if an error is reported during command execution.

The agraph program

agraph-control is a script which launches the actual program, named agraph. While agraph-control is recommended when starting the server, you can use agraph, particularly when you wish to invoke options not available to agraph-control. agraph accepts the following command-line arguments:

--config file: The location of the configuration file. Defaults to agraph.cfg in the executable's directory, or, failing that, /etc/agraph/agraph.cfg. (If the configuration file cannot be found, AllegroGraph does not start and prints the message No configuration file found.
--log-dir directory: Specify where the server log files are written. Overrides the LogDir directive.
--debug: Start the server in debug mode, which means logging will be more verbose.
--log-level level: Set an explicit log-level (debug, info, warn, or error), or specify log-levels per category, for example: debug,daemon:info,storage:warn.

--http-trace file-pathname: Write a log of all HTTP traffic to the file specified. If specified, overrides the HttpTrace configuration directive. If the pathname is relative, the location is with respect to the log directory.
--http-trace-options options: If specified, overrides the HttpTraceOptions configuration directive. A comma separated list of options. Options starting with the character + turn on the corresponding log category. Those starting with - turn them off (allowing you to enable a general category and turn off specific items). Use the max-message-size= option to truncate overly long messages. The default is `+xmit,max-message-size=1000`. The available log categories are listed in the Debugging section
of the AllegroServe documentation.
--pid-file file: Determines where the process id of the server is written. Overrides the PidFile directive.
--run-as user: If started as root, run AllegroGraph as the specified user. Overrides the RunAs directive.
--no-daemonize: If specified, then the service daemon will run in the foreground.
--stop-server: Stop the AllegroGraph server. Either the --pid-file or --config parameter must also be specified to identify the server instance that should be stopped.
--stop-timeout seconds: Specifies how long to wait before giving up on a --stop-server request. Must be an integer greater than 0. If --force has also been supplied, then the default value is 10; otherwise the default value is 60.
--version: Print version information (such as the version number and build date).
--short-version: Print just the version number.
--help: Print information about these arguments.

Troubleshooting

Shared memory size and permission to use /dev/shm

AllegroGraph uses POSIX shared memory for inter-process communication.

Each AllegroGraph instance requires a certain amount of shared memory (depending on the ExpectedStoreSize setting). The actual size is reported in agraph.log when an instance is started.

On Linux, the shared memory comes from tmpfs, which is typically mounted on /dev/shm. Default size is half of RAM. To resize, issue a command like the following as the root user:

mount -o remount,size=<size> <shm-device-file>

For example:

mount -o remount,size=8G /dev/shm

To make the change permanent, /etc/fstab needs to be updated or the above command must be run from a startup script such as /etc/rc.local.

/dev/shm is usually mounted with permissions that allow any process to use it, for example:

$ ls -ld /dev/shm  
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 40 Oct 17 16:31 /dev/shm/

However, sites with strict security policies may have /dev/shm mounted with tight permissions (for example, to only allow root to use shared memory). For AllegroGraph to operate, /dev/shm must have permissions which allow at least the RunAs user to read and write to it. Consult with your systems administrator if AllegroGraph fails to start up due to the permissions on /dev/shm.

If a previously-working instance doesn't start due to shared memory problem, then there may be a lingering process which still has a handle on a shared memory segment.

$ <stop-allegrograph>  
# Check total size, available and used size.  
$ df -h /dev/shm  
# If the 'Used' column shows a non-trivial amount,  
# look for processes that use /dev/shm.  
$ lsof /dev/shm  
# Maybe kill offending processes  
$ kill -9 <pid1> <pid2> ...  
$ <start-allegrograph>

AllegroGraph 6.6.0 Server Configuration and Control