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ANSI Common Lisp  2 Syntax 2.3 Interpretation of Tokens 2.3.2 Constructing Numbers from Tokens
2.3.2.3 Syntax of a Complex
A complex has a Cartesian structure,
with a real part and an imaginary part each of which is a
real.
The parts of a complex are not necessarily floats
but both parts must be of the same type:
either both are rationals, or both are of the same float subtype.
When constructing a complex, if the specified parts are not the
same type, the parts are converted to be the same type
internally (i.e., the rational part is converted to a float).
An object of type (complex rational) is converted internally
and represented thereafter as a rational if its imaginary part is an
integer whose value is 0.
For further information, see Section 2.4.8.11 Sharpsign C and Section 22.1.3.1.4 Printing Complexes.
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