ANSI Common Lisp 4 Types and Classes 4.2 Types
4.2.3 Type Specifiers
Type specifiers can be symbols, classes, or lists.
Figure 4.2.3 Type Specifiers lists symbols that are
standardized atomic type specifiers, and
Figure 4.2.3 Type Specifiers lists
standardized compound type specifier names.
For syntax information, see the dictionary entry for the corresponding type specifier.
It is possible to define new type specifiers using
defclass,
define-condition,
defstruct,
or
deftype.
Standardized Atomic Type Specifiers
arithmetic-error |
function |
simple-condition |
array |
generic-function |
simple-error |
atom |
hash-table |
simple-string |
base-char |
integer |
simple-type-error |
base-string |
keyword |
simple-vector |
bignum |
list |
simple-warning |
bit |
logical-pathname |
single-float |
bit-vector |
long-float |
standard-char |
broadcast-stream |
method |
standard-class |
built-in-class |
method-combination |
standard-generic-function |
cell-error |
nil |
standard-method |
character |
null |
standard-object |
class |
number |
storage-condition |
compiled-function |
package |
stream |
complex |
package-error |
stream-error |
concatenated-stream |
parse-error |
string |
condition |
pathname |
string-stream |
cons |
print-not-readable |
structure-class |
control-error |
program-error |
structure-object |
division-by-zero |
random-state |
style-warning |
double-float |
ratio |
symbol |
echo-stream |
rational |
synonym-stream |
end-of-file |
reader-error |
t |
error |
readtable |
two-way-stream |
extended-char |
real |
type-error |
file-error |
restart |
unbound-slot |
file-stream |
sequence |
unbound-variable |
fixnum |
serious-condition |
undefined-function |
float |
short-float |
unsigned-byte |
floating-point-inexact |
signed-byte |
vector |
floating-point-invalid-operation |
simple-array |
warning |
floating-point-overflow |
simple-base-string |
|
floating-point-underflow |
simple-bit-vector |
|
If a type specifier is a list, the car of the list
is a symbol, and the rest of the list is subsidiary
type information. Such a type specifier is called
a compound type specifier.
Except as explicitly stated otherwise,
the subsidiary items can be unspecified.
The unspecified subsidiary items are indicated
by writing *. For example, to completely specify
a vector, the type of the elements
and the length of the vector must be present.
(vector double-float 100)
The following leaves the length unspecified:
(vector double-float *)
The following leaves the element type unspecified:
(vector * 100)
Suppose that two type specifiers are the same except that the first
has a * where the second has a more explicit specification.
Then the second denotes a subtype
of the type denoted by the first.
If a list has one or more unspecified items at the end,
those items can be dropped.
If dropping all occurrences of * results in a singleton list,
then the parentheses can be dropped as well (the list can be replaced
by the symbol in its car).
For example,
(vector double-float *)
can be abbreviated to (vector double-float),
and (vector * *) can be abbreviated to (vector)
and then to
vector.
Standardized Compound Type Specifier Names
and |
long-float |
simple-base-string |
array |
member |
simple-bit-vector |
base-string |
mod |
simple-string |
bit-vector |
not |
simple-vector |
complex |
or |
single-float |
cons |
rational |
string |
double-float |
real |
unsigned-byte |
eql |
satisfies |
values |
float |
short-float |
vector |
function |
signed-byte |
|
integer |
simple-array |
|
The next figure show the defined names that can be used as
compound type specifier names
but that cannot be used as atomic type specifiers.
Standardized Compound-Only Type Specifier Names
and |
mod |
satisfies |
eql |
not |
values |
member |
or |
|
New type specifiers can come into existence in two ways.
A class object can be used as a type specifier.
When used this way, it denotes the set of all members of that class.
The next figure shows some defined names relating to
types and declarations.
Defined names relating to types and declarations.
coerce |
defstruct |
subtypep |
declaim |
deftype |
the |
declare |
ftype |
type |
defclass |
locally |
type-of |
define-condition |
proclaim |
typep |
The next figure shows all defined names that are type specifier names,
whether for atomic type specifiers or compound type specifiers;
this list is the union of the lists in Figure 4.2.3 Type Specifiers
and Figure 4.2.3 Type Specifiers.
Standardized Type Specifier Names
and |
function |
simple-array |
arithmetic-error |
generic-function |
simple-base-string |
array |
hash-table |
simple-bit-vector |
atom |
integer |
simple-condition |
base-char |
keyword |
simple-error |
base-string |
list |
simple-string |
bignum |
logical-pathname |
simple-type-error |
bit |
long-float |
simple-vector |
bit-vector |
member |
simple-warning |
broadcast-stream |
method |
single-float |
built-in-class |
method-combination |
standard-char |
cell-error |
mod |
standard-class |
character |
nil |
standard-generic-function |
class |
not |
standard-method |
compiled-function |
null |
standard-object |
complex |
number |
storage-condition |
concatenated-stream |
or |
stream |
condition |
package |
stream-error |
cons |
package-error |
string |
control-error |
parse-error |
string-stream |
division-by-zero |
pathname |
structure-class |
double-float |
print-not-readable |
structure-object |
echo-stream |
program-error |
style-warning |
end-of-file |
random-state |
symbol |
eql |
ratio |
synonym-stream |
error |
rational |
t |
extended-char |
reader-error |
two-way-stream |
file-error |
readtable |
type-error |
file-stream |
real |
unbound-slot |
fixnum |
restart |
unbound-variable |
float |
satisfies |
undefined-function |
floating-point-inexact |
sequence |
unsigned-byte |
floating-point-invalid-operation |
serious-condition |
values |
floating-point-overflow |
short-float |
vector |
floating-point-underflow |
signed-byte |
warning |
|