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19.2 Pathnames  19.2.2 Interpreting Pathname Component Values 19.2.2.1 Strings in Component Values 19.2.2.1.2 Case in Pathname Components
19.2.2.1.2.2 Common Case in Pathname Components
For the functions in Figure 19.2.2.1.2 Case in Pathname Components,
a value of :common for the :case argument
that these functions should receive
and yield strings in component values according to the following conventions:
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All uppercase means to use a file system's customary case.
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All lowercase means to use the opposite of the customary case.
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Mixed case represents itself.
Note that these conventions have been chosen in such a way that translation
from :local to :common and back to :local is information-preserving.
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